India was the second country in the world to introduce the Green Revolution. Punjab, Uttar  Pradesh and West Bengal were the three States wherein Green Revolution was initially  introduced, focusing on; high yielding variety seeds (basically wheat and rice), pesticides and fertilizers. Double cropping was also introduced as a main feature of the green revolution, since India was traditionally a single crop farming country. Up until then, as the Indian agricultural system was mainly dependent on monsoon for irrigation, one crop per year was quite the norm.

However, a two-crop system also required additional sources of water other than the monsoon rains, thus increasing the dependency and exploitation of ground water systems

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